Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes conditions such as angina, heart attack and stroke. Heart disease is caused by a gradual build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries, causing them to narrow and leading to angina. If a piece of this fatty deposit breaks away from the artery wall it can cause a clot to form which may then travel in the bloodstream, lodging and cutting off blood supply to the heart (resulting in heart attack) or brain (leading to stroke). Physiotherapy-led CR programmes are clinically effective in reducing mortality; improving health and quality of life; reducing the length of hospital stay, and reducing the number of hospital readmissions. Physiotherapists are key members and often the clinical leads of the multi-professional team, supporting patients to learn how to be physically active and embrace activity as part of a range of lifestyle improvement measures with individually tailored exercise programmes. The team approach is cost-effective and leads to a better prognosis.
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